A review of After 1989: Morals, Revolution, and Civil Society, by Ralf Dahrendorf.
About the Author
João Carlos Espada is the founder and director of the Institute for Political Studies at the Catholic University of Portugal. From 2011 to 2013, he held the European Parliament/Bronisław Geremek European Civilisation Chair at the College of Europe, Natolin (Warsaw).
The role of international factors varied greatly across the post-Cold War transitions to democracy, but the intensity and results of external democratizing pressure depended on two variables: linkage to the…